Flights between the U.S. and Europe have not been this cheap in three years, when many countries were just lifting Covid-19 era rules.

Fares are low even for the traditionally slow late-fall and winter months outside of major holidays.

“It is brutal to fill seats during these times of year,” said Brett Snyder, who writes the Cranky Flier travel industry site.

According to flight-tracking company Hopper, “good deal” fares across the Atlantic to Europe are averaging $578 in November, down from $619 a year earlier.

It is the lowest deal fare for this month since 2021, when they were going for $479 and much of international travel was in a slump because of the pandemic, Hopper data shows.

In January, after the year-end holidays, 2025 fares are even lower: $558 compared to $578 for the same month in 2024, though higher than $488 in January 2022, according to Hopper.

U.S. domestic airfare, on the other hand, is more expensive compared with last year in every month from November through March.

Many airlines from financially troubled Spirit Airlines to profitable Southwest Airlines have cut flights or trimmed growth plans into next year, which has helped keep U.S. fares firm. Aircraft scarcity is also limiting airlines from adding many flights.

There are also some periods of weaker demand overall, executives at the largest U.S. carriers, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and American Airlines have said, calling out the week before and after the U.S. presidential election on Tuesday.

United Airlines said Tuesday that it is starting a $1.5 billion share buyback as the carrier reported higher-than-expected earnings for the busy summer travel season and forecast strong results for the last three months of the year.

United expects to earn an adjusted $2.50 to $3.00 a share in the fourth quarter, compared to $2.00 a share a year earlier and the $2.68 analysts polled by LSEG estimated.

Here is what United reported for the third quarter compared with what Wall Street expected, based on average estimates compiled by LSEG:

• Earnings per share: $3.33 adjusted vs. $3.17 expected
• Revenue: $14.84 billion vs. $14.78 billion expected

The share buyback would be United’s first since before the Covid-19 pandemic. U.S. airlines received more than $50 billion in government aid during the pandemic travel slump that prohibited share repurchases and dividends, though airlines were still fighting for financial stability.

Southwest Airlines announced a $2.5 billion share repurchase program last month.

“Like other leading airlines and companies, we are initiating a measured, strategic share repurchase program,” United CEO Scott Kirby said in a note to staff on Tuesday. “Importantly, my commitment to you is that investing in our people and our business will always be my top priority even while we institute this share repurchase program.”

For the third quarter, United posted revenue of $14.84 billion, up 2.5% from a year earlier and above analysts’ estimates. It reported net income of $965 million, down 15% from a year ago.

United said domestic unit revenue was positive in August and September compared to last year as airlines trimmed a glut of flights that were pushing down fares. United expanded capacity by 4.1% in the third quarter. The carrier said corporate revenue rose 13% in the quarter; premium revenue, including business class tickets, rose 5%; and sales from its no-frills basic economy tickets were up 20%.

The airline last week unveiled a far-flung expansion for next year that included new flights to Mongolia, Senegal, Spain and Greenland in a chase for international travel demand.

Adjusting for one-time items, United reported earnings per share of $3.33, topping Wall Street forecasts and United’s estimate in July of $2.75 to $3.25 a share.

Airline executives will hold a call with analysts at 10:30 a.m. ET on Wednesday and will likely face questions about demand for the end of the year and into 2025, as well as production problems at Boeing, where most factories have been idled during a more than monthlong machinist strike.

Summer trips to Europe are getting too hot for thousands of tourists.

Delta Air Lines President Glen Hauenstein said travelers are opting out of flying to Europe during the traditional summer peak travel season. Instead, they are shifting trips to cooler months, a trend that airline officials have been noticing over the past couple of years as consumers look to escape crowds and record heat of popular destinations.

“The weather in Europe in August is really hot, and that people who have choices when they can take their vacations are moving into let’s call it more temperate months,” Hauenstein said Thursday on an earnings call. Corporate [travel] we haven’t seen much change year over year but it’s continuing to shift travel to Europe in particular from July and August peak to a September and October peak.”

Summer this year in the Northern Hemisphere was the hottest on record, according to the European Union’s climate monitor.

Airlines have been extending robust trans-Atlantic schedules through much of the fall to cater to the shifting patterns.

“What we’re doing at United is we’re extending the season,” Patrick Quayle, United Airlines‘ senior vice president of global network planning and alliances, said in an interview earlier this year.

He said the carrier opted to begin some European routes in March and April this year and will fly some of them through late October and early November. “What we’re seeing is, more and more, travelers are going in those shoulder seasons where you can get a bit more value, and I think the weather’s a bit better,” he added.

United Airlines is plotting a 2025 international expansion that spans Senegal to Mongolia and Greenland to Palau, a bid to win over travelers who have already had their fill of the well-trodden streets of Paris, Rome and Tokyo.

Starting May 21, United will fly three times a week between its Newark, New Jersey, hub to Palermo, Sicily; on May 16, it will launch nonstops four days a week to Faro in Portugal’s Algarve region; on June 7 it plans three-days-a-week-service to Portugal’s Madeira Island; and on May 31 it’s starting nonstop flights to Bilbao in northern Spain, destinations that will beef up existing service to Italy, Spain and Portugal.

Its inaugural flight between Newark and Nuuk, Greenland, will begin June 14, United said Thursday.

“The savvy traveler has been to Paris, Rome and Madrid so many times that they’re looking for something different,” Patrick Quayle, United’s senior vice president of global network planning and alliances, told reporters.

The experimentation with routes makes United a standout among U.S. and global airlines that have largely stuck with bread-and-butter additions. The expansion is part of United’s strategy to “skate where the puck is going,” Quayle said, as the company wants to make sure it can be all things to all travelers, offering destinations from U.S. cities like Corpus Christi, Texas, to Cape Town, South Africa.

United is planning to launch daily, nonstop service to Dakar, Senegal, from Washington Dulles International Airport on May 23. Service from Tokyo’s Narita airport to Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, is set to begin May 1. United has been beefing up service from Tokyo and will offer year-round nonstop flights to Koror, Palau, from there.

Not all destinations work. United had discontinued a nonstop flight to Bergen, Norway, in 2023 due to a lack of demand, but Quayle said the airline has wiggle room to continue expanding to far-flung destinations and that a diverse network can help drive sign-ups for lucrative rewards credit cards.

“The more unique content, the more we differentiate ourselves from our competitors and the more people are going to spend on United,” Quayle said.

United had originally planned to start the Faro, Portugal, service this year but was forced to delay it because of a Federal Aviation Administration safety review, which the agency ended earlier this month without identifying any “significant safety issues.”

United is also planning to expand flying from the West Coast, but it didn’t disclose any details on Thursday.