Novo Nordisk‘s blockbuster diabetes drug Ozempic may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting its potential to delay or prevent the memory-robbing condition, according to a study released Thursday. 

Semaglutide, the active ingredient in Ozempic, was associated with a 40% to 70% lower risk of a first-time Alzheimer’s diagnosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with seven other diabetes medications. That includes insulin and older so-called GLP-1 drugs similar to Ozempic, the research said. 

Alzheimer’s disease is often diagnosed in the mild dementia stage, when a person has significant trouble with memory and thinking. Almost 7 million Americans have the condition, the fifth-leading cause of death for adults over 65, according to the Alzheimer’s Association. But the number of Alzheimer’s patients is projected to rise to almost 13 million in the U.S. by 2050. 

There are no cures for Alzheimer’s, only drugs that treat the symptoms of the disease or slow the progression of the condition in people at the early stages of it. But a potential preventive treatment such as semaglutide may prove even more useful, said lead study co-author Dr. Rong Xu, a biomedical informatics professor at Case Western Reserve University. 

That’s because by the time many patients are diagnosed with the disease, “it’s often too late for treatment,” Xu told CNBC. She added that many of the risk factors of Alzheimer’s, such as obesity, diabetes and smoking, are preventable and “modifiable.” 

The results add to mounting evidence that GLP-1s, a popular class of obesity and diabetes medications, may offer health benefits beyond promoting weight loss and regulating blood sugar. That includes Ozempic, Novo Nordisk’s weight loss injection Wegovy, and drugs from Eli Lilly that work slightly differently. 

Novo Nordisk and rival Eli Lilly have been studying their drugs as potential treatments for chronic conditions such as sleep apnea and fatty liver disease. Novo Nordisk, which did not fund the new Case Western study, is also examining semaglutide in a late-stage study on Alzheimer’s patients. 

The new Case Western study released Thursday builds on other research released in July on a once-daily drug for diabetes and obesity called liraglutide, which Novo Nordisk sells under the brand names Saxenda and Victoza. In the liraglutide research, data from a midstage trial found that the drug may slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease by protecting patients’ brains. 

In the study released Thursday, researchers from Case Western analyzed three years of electronic records of nearly 1 million U.S. patients with diabetes who did not have a prior Alzheimer’s diagnosis. The study was partly funded by the National Institutes of Health. 

The study compared semaglutide with seven different diabetes medications, including insulin and a drug called metformin. It also includes other GLP-1s, such as liraglutide and a medication from Eli Lilly called dulaglutide. 

Semaglutide was associated with a roughly 70% lower risk of first-time Alzheimer’s diagnosis compared with insulin, a nearly 60% lower risk compared with metformin and a 40% lower risk compared with other GLP-1s, according to the study. Semaglutide was also associated with significantly lower prescriptions for Alzheimer’s disease-related medications, the study said. 

Similar reductions in risks were seen across patients in the trial, regardless of their gender, age group and whether they had obesity. 

But the study has limitations since it relies on data from electronic health records. Xu called for more research, specifically clinical trials that randomly assign patients to receive semaglutide or other treatments, to confirm how much Ozempic and other GLP-1s can help prevent or delay Alzheimer’s disease. 

Xu and the team of researchers also plan to study whether GLP-1s can prevent Alzheimer’s in patients with obesity, but they want to wait one or two years for GLP-1s approved for weight loss to be on the market longer so there is more patient data for them to analyze. Wegovy won approval in the U.S. in 2021, while Eli Lilly’s weight loss injection Zepbound only entered the market last fall.

A version of this article first appeared in CNBC’s Healthy Returns newsletter, which brings the latest health-care news straight to your inbox. Subscribe here to receive future editions.

Yet another study shows that blockbuster GLP-1 drugs may offer health benefits beyond diabetes and weight loss. 

This time, more research is showing that they may significantly curb addictive behaviors. 

Drugs such as Novo Nordisk‘s highly popular diabetes injection Ozempic can cut drug and alcohol abuse by around half, according to a new study published last week in the scientific journal Addiction. That suggests Ozempic and similar medications could potentially become a new treatment for opioid and alcohol use disorder. 

“This study not only contributes to the evolving landscape of substance use therapy but also opens avenues for more comprehensive and effective treatment strategies for those affected by” the two disorders, the study authors wrote. 

Here’s why that’s important. 

More tools are needed to address the ongoing U.S. opioid epidemic, which was declared a public health emergency in 2017. In 2021, an estimated 2.5 million people ages 18 or above in the U.S. had opioid use disorder in the past year, but only 22% received medications to treat it, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Opioids are a factor in around 72% of overdose deaths in the U.S., the National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics says. 

Meanwhile, nearly 29 million people ages 12 and above had alcohol use disorder in the past year, according to a 2023 national survey. Excessive alcohol use is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., as about 178,000 people die from it each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Let’s dive into the new data. 

Researchers from Loyola University Chicago examined the electronic health data of more than 500,000 people with a history of opioid use disorder, 8,000 of whom were taking either GLP-1s or similar treatments called GIPs, such as Eli Lilly‘s weight loss treatment Mounjaro. Mounjaro mimics GLP-1 and another gut hormone called GIP to tamp down appetite and regulate blood sugar, while Ozempic only targets GLP-1. 

People taking GLP-1s or GIPs had a 40% lower rate of opioid overdose compared with those who didn’t, the study found. Similarly, an analysis of more than 5,000 people with a history of alcohol use disorder and who took those treatments had a 50% lower rate of intoxication compared with those who didn’t take them. 

The results are no surprise. It’s consistent with other studies showing the potential of GLP-1s and GIPs to reduce substance-seeking behaviors such as alcohol and nicotine use. Other research has also shown their promise in treating kidney failure, fatty liver disease, Alzheimer’s disease and obstructive sleep apnea. 

Novo Nordisk’s weight loss drug Wegovy also won approval in the U.S. in March for slashing the risk of serious cardiovascular complications in adults with obesity and heart disease.

But more research is likely needed to confirm the findings of the new study. Researchers have called for more clinical trials that randomly assign patients with a substance use disorder to receive a GLP-1 or a placebo, to confirm the potential treatment benefits of drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro. 

We’ll continue to monitor what other research in this area comes out, so stay tuned for our coverage. 

Feel free to send any tips, suggestions, story ideas and data to Annika at annikakim.constantino@nbcuni.com.

Novavax on Wednesday said the Food and Drug Administration has put a hold on its application for a combination shot targeting Covid and influenza and a standalone flu vaccine, sending the company’s shares down sharply. 

The biotech company’s stock fell nearly 20% on Wednesday. The so-called clinical hold is due to a single report of nerve damage in a patient who received the combination shot in a phase two trial that finished in July last year. 

A clinical hold is an order issued by the FDA to a manufacturer to delay or suspend a proposed clinical investigation on a drug.

It is unclear if the pause will impact Novavax’s ability to start and release data on phase three trials on those vaccines. Still, it appears to be a setback for the biotech company, which is scrambling to bring new products to market as demand for its Covid vaccine plummets worldwide.

Novavax said it was working with the FDA to resolve the clinical hold on its combination shot and standalone flu vaccine. The company said other trials of its Covid and flu shots had not shown any safety concerns related to the type of nerve damage reported in the patient. 

Novavax said it does not believe there’s an established connection that the vaccine had caused the nerve damage in the patient but said it is working to provide more information to the FDA. 

“Our goal is to successfully resolve this matter and to start our Phase 3 trial as soon as possible,” Dr. Robert Walker, Novavax’s chief medical officer, said in a release. 

Public health officials see Novavax’s protein-based Covid vaccine as a valuable alternative for people who don’t want to take mRNA shots from Pfizer and Moderna, which use a newer vaccine method to teach cells how to make proteins that trigger an immune response against Covid.

Novavax’s shot, meanwhile, fends off the virus with protein-based technology, a decades-old method used in routine vaccinations against hepatitis B and shingles.

SpaceX launched its fifth test flight of its Starship rocket on Sunday and made a dramatic first catch of the rocket’s more than 20-story tall booster.

The achievement marks a major milestone toward SpaceX’s goal of making Starship a fully reusable rocket system.

Elon Musk‘s company launched Starship at 8:25 a.m. ET from its Starbase facility near Brownsville, Texas. The rocket’s “Super Heavy” booster returned to land on the arms of the company’s launch tower nearly seven minutes after launch.

“Are you kidding me?” SpaceX communications manager Dan Huot said on the company’s webcast.

“What we just saw, that looked like magic,” Huot added.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson congratulated SpaceX in a post on social media.

“As we prepare to go back to the Moon under Artemis, continued testing will prepare us for the bold missions that lie ahead,” Nelson wrote.

Starship separated and continued on to space, traveling halfway around the Earth before reentering the atmosphere and splashing down in the Indian Ocean as intended to complete the test.

There were no people on board the fifth Starship flight. The company’s leadership has said SpaceX expects to fly hundreds of Starship missions before the rocket launches with any crew.

The full Starship system has flown four spaceflight tests previously, with launches in April and November of last year, as well as this March and June. Each of the test flights have achieved more milestones than the last.

SpaceX emphasizes that it tries to build “on what we’ve learned from previous flights” in its approach to developing the massive rocket.

The Starship system is designed to be fully reusable and aims to become a new method of flying cargo and people beyond Earth. The rocket is also critical to NASA’s plan to return astronauts to the moon. SpaceX won a multibillion-dollar contract from the agency to use Starship as a crewed lunar lander as part of NASA’s Artemis moon program.

The Federal Aviation Administration issued SpaceX with a license to launch Starship’s fifth flight on Saturday, sooner than the regulator previously estimated. But the company wanted to launch the fifth flight earlier than October, leading both SpaceX and Musk to be vocally critical of the FAA, saying that “superfluous environmental analysis” was holding up the process.

While the FAA and partner agencies at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department’s National Marine Fisheries Service conducted assessments more quickly than anticipated, SpaceX has also had to pay fines to environmental regulators regarding unauthorized water discharges at its Texas launch site.

Microsoft on Thursday announced new health-care data and artificial intelligence tools, including a collection of medical imaging models, a health-care agent service and an automated documentation solution for nurses. 

The tools aim to help health-care organizations build AI applications quicker and save clinicians time on administrative tasks, a major cause of industry burnout. Nurses spend as much as 41% of their time on documentation, according to a report from the Office of the Surgeon General. 

“By integrating AI into health care, our goal is to reduce the strain on medical staff, foster the collective health team collaboration, enhance the overall efficiency of healthcare systems across the country,” Mary Varghese Presti, vice president of portfolio evolution and incubation at Microsoft Health and Life Sciences, said in a prerecorded briefing with reporters. 

The new tools are the latest example of Microsoft’s efforts to establish itself as a leader in health-care AI. Last October, the company unveiled a series of health features across its Azure cloud and Fabric analytics platform. It also acquired Nuance Communications, which offers speech-to-text AI solutions for health care and other sectors, in a $16 billion deal in 2021.

Many of the solutions Microsoft announced on Thursday are in the early stages of development or only available in preview. Health-care organizations will test and validate them before the company rolls them out more broadly. Microsoft declined to share what these new tools will cost.

Health-care AI models 

Roughly 80% of hospital and health system visits include an imaging exam because doctors often rely on images to help treat patients.

Microsoft is launching a collection of open-source multimodal AI models that can analyze data types beyond just text, such as medical images, clinical records and genomic data. Health-care organizations can use the models to build new applications and tools.

For example, digitizing a single pathology slide can require more than a gigabyte of storage, so many existing AI pathology models have trained on small pieces of slides at a time. Microsoft and Providence Health & Services built a whole-slide model that improves on mutation prediction and cancer subtyping, according to a paper published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature.

Now, health systems can build on it and fine-tune it to meet their needs. 

“Getting a whole-slide foundation model for pathology has been a challenge in the past … and now we’re actually able to do it,” Sara Vaezy, chief strategy and digital officer at Providence, told CNBC in an interview. “It was really sort of a game changer.” 

The models are available in the model catalog within Azure AI Studio, which serves as Microsoft’s generative AI development hub. 

Health-care agent service

Microsoft also announced a new way for health systems to build AI agents.

AI agents vary in complexity, but they can help users answer questions, automate processes and perform specific tasks. 

Through Microsoft Copilot Studio, these organizations can create agents equipped with health-care-specific safeguards. When an answer contains a reference to clinical evidence, for instance, the source is shown, and a note indicates if the answer is AI-generated. Fabrications and omissions are also flagged, Microsoft said. 

For example, a health-care organization could build an AI agent to help doctors identify relevant clinical trials for a patient. Microsoft said a physician could type the question, “What clinical trials for a male 55-year-old with diabetes and interstitial lung disease?” and receive a list of potential options. It would save the doctor the time and effort of finding each trial. 

AI agents that can help patients answer basic questions have been popular among the health systems that have already begun testing the service, Hadas Bitran, general manager of health AI at Microsoft Health and Life Sciences, said in a Q&A with reporters. Agents that can help doctors answer questions about recent guidelines and patients’ history are also common, she added.

Microsoft’s health-care agent service is available in a preview capacity starting Thursday.

Bringing automated documentation to nurses

In August, Microsoft announced that the next phase of its partnership with Epic Systems would be dedicated to building an AI-powered documentation tool for nurses, and the company detailed those plans on Thursday. 

Epic is a health-care software vendor that houses the electronic health records of more than 280 million people in the U.S. It has a yearslong relationship with Microsoft. 

Microsoft’s Nuance already offers an automated documentation tool for doctors called DAX Copilot, which it unveiled last year. It allows doctors to consensually record their visits with patients, and AI automatically transforms them into clinical notes and summaries.

Ideally, this means doctors don’t have to spend time typing out these notes themselves every time they see a patient. 

The technology has exploded in popularity this year. Nuance announced that DAX Copilot was generally available within Epic’s electronic health record in January – a coveted stamp of approval within the health-care industry. Integrating a tool like DAX Copilot directly into doctors’ EHR workflow means they won’t need to switch apps to access it, which helps save time and reduces administrative workload.

But so far, DAX Copilot has only been available to doctors. Microsoft said that’s changing. It’s building a similar tool optimized for nurses.

“The nursing workflow is very different from that of physicians, and any solution developed for nurses needs to integrate with the way they work,” Presti said during the briefing. “Our team has spent hours shadowing nurses during their shifts to see how they carry out their tasks and to discover where the greatest points of friction exist throughout their day.”  

Microsoft is working with organizations like Stanford Health Care, Northwestern Medicine and Tampa General Hospital to develop it.

Northwood Space, the startup led by former television star and singer Bridgit Mendler, passed its first major development test last week by connecting with Planet Labs imagery satellites in orbit.

“We’re building this global network to send data for satellites, built off of phased array technology that we have now successfully validated, both in the lab and in the field,” Mendler, Northwood’s CEO, told CNBC.

El Segundo, California-based Northwood, unveiled earlier this year, is focused on the ground side of the space connectivity equation. Ground stations are the vital link for transmitting data to and from orbit and are especially crucial for operating and controlling satellites.

The startup is developing ground stations to be mass-produced and betting that its phased array-based system, called Portal, can outperform the parabolic dish antennas traditionally used by ground station companies. It’s projecting Portal will be able to connect to as many as 10 satellites at once versus the typical one to three for parabolic dish antennas.

“For Northwood, what we’re wanting to do is introduce a new standard for connectivity for companies,” Mendler said.

The ground station as a service, or GSaaS, market has companies going after the opportunity in managing the Earth-based side of space infrastructure. Along those lines, Amazon has launched its AWS Ground Station service, and satellite communications giant Eutelsat has proposed a nearly $1 billion deal in the sector.

Mendler’s Northwood wants to take GSaaS a step further, eliminating what she sees as “connectivity very much stuck in a different era” of blackouts and “super expensive networks.”

“Analogizing to the cellular industry — where we draw parallels to how cell towers and shared assets like that ultimately have super vertically integrated players — wound up offloading and selling their assets to the tower companies. We expected that the shared model is going to be an efficiency,” Mendler said.

In her view, ground stations are “the third leg of the stool” of space technology, with the other two being rockets, or the cargo vehicles, and satellites, or the orbital infrastructure.

“The industry is really at a point where there’s a lot of appetite for growth, and this is something that we can really interject into the industry and accelerate progress,” Mendler said.