Most coughs are harmless and resolve with rest, but a persistent cough that worsens over time could signal something more serious, such as lung cancer. As one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, early detection of lung cancer can significantly improve outcomes.   

Dr. Bhavna Bansal, Senior Consultant and HOD, Histopathology at Oncquest Laboratories, shares her insights on the importance of recognizing early signs of lung cancer.   

Understanding Lung Cancer   

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, claiming approximately 1.6 million lives each year. In India, it accounts for 5.9% of total cancer cases and 8.1% of cancer-related deaths, representing a major health concern. Lung cancer is typically categorized into two types:   

– Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): More common and slower-growing.   

– Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): Less common but more aggressive.   

Key Signs of Lung Cancer   

1. Persistent or Worsening Cough: 

A chronic cough that doesn’t improve with time, whether dry or productive, may be a warning sign. Consult a physician if your cough persists despite treatment.   

2. Coughing Up Blood or Rust-Colored Sputum: 

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) or rust-colored sputum can indicate internal bleeding or tumor growth. Seek immediate medical attention.   

3. Worsening Chest Pain: 

Sharp, stabbing chest pain that intensifies with deep breaths, coughing, or laughing could be due to tumors pressing on the chest wall. Persistent pain should prompt a visit to your doctor.   

4. Other Symptoms: 

Sudden weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of breath, or recurrent infections like bronchitis or pneumonia could also be signs of lung cancer.   

Lung Cancer: Recognizing Risk Factors   

The primary risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, which accounts for the majority of cases. However, secondhand smoke, exposure to asbestos, radon gas, and other environmental contaminants also increase risk. A family history of lung cancer and certain genetic mutations can further heighten susceptibility.   

Lung Cancer: Importance of Early Detection   

Early detection is critical for successful treatment. Regular screenings, particularly for high-risk individuals, can catch lung cancer in its early stages. Low-dose CT scans are an effective screening tool that can detect cancer before symptoms appear, significantly reducing mortality rates.   

Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment   

When lung cancer is suspected, diagnostic tests like X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and biopsies are used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the cancer’s stage. Treatment options depend on the stage and type of lung cancer and may include:   

– Surgery: Often used in early-stage cancer to remove the tumor.   

– Radiation and Chemotherapy: Common treatments for advanced stages to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells.   

– Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Newer treatments that specifically attack cancer cells or boost the immune system’s response to cancer.   

A persistent or worsening cough, coughing up blood, and chest pain are key signs of lung cancer. Awareness and early detection are crucial for improving survival rates. Regular screenings for high-risk individuals and timely medical intervention can lead to more effective, personalized treatment plans.