NASA is pushing the boundaries of lunar exploration with the proposed Lunar South Pole Oxygen Pipeline (L-SPoP), a revolutionary project designed to enhance Moon operations. This initiative aims to address the critical challenge of transporting oxygen on the Moon, a key resource for sustaining long-term human missions under the Artemis program.
By utilising in-situ resources, L-SPoP seeks to reduce both the costs and risks associated with oxygen transport, which is essential for life support and rocket propulsion. The pipeline will be constructed using lunar materials, primarily aluminium, and is designed to operate autonomously with minimal power requirements.

NASA’s Lunar South Pole Oxygen Pipeline (L-SPoP): A game changer for lunar exploration

NASA is pioneering an ambitious initiative to improve operations on the Moon with the proposed Lunar South Pole Oxygen Pipeline (L-SPoP). This groundbreaking project aims to dramatically reduce the cost and risks associated with transporting oxygen, a vital component for sustaining long-term human missions under the Artemis program.

The Artemis program, which seeks to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, relies heavily on utilising in-situ resources to reduce the need for Earth-based supplies. Oxygen, essential for life support and rocket propulsion, is being extracted from lunar regolith and water ice using advanced technologies that NASA has already invested in.
These oxygen extraction methods are set to be demonstrated on a large scale by 2024, with plans to support Artemis astronauts as early as 2026. Currently, oxygen extracted from the Moon is stored in compressed gas tanks or liquefied in dewars, which are then transported across the lunar surface. This process is energy-intensive and costly due to the vast distances between resource extraction sites and lunar habitats.

The science behind NASA’s Lunar South Pole Oxygen (L-SPoP) pipeline system

The proposed L-SPoP system envisions a 5-kilometre pipeline to transport oxygen from extraction sites to storage or liquefaction facilities near lunar bases. Made from in-situ materials, primarily lunar aluminium extracted from the Moon’s surface, the pipeline would feature a modular design that is adaptable, repairable, and sustainable. This approach aims to reduce reliance on Earth-based resources and lower operational costs.

Key features of the L-SPoP system

Innovative materials and design considerations for the L-SPoP system

NASA’s plan for the L-SPoP also incorporates innovative materials, such as lunar aluminium from the South Pole, with a passivation coating applied to prevent corrosion. Other materials, including iron and magnesium, will be considered during the design phase.
The L-SPoP project marks a significant leap toward building a sustainable lunar infrastructure. By reducing the costs and risks of oxygen transportation, NASA hopes to enable a permanent human presence on the Moon, supporting the Artemis program and future deep-space exploration.
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