Reactor installed at UK's newest nuclear power station

Hinkley Point C A huge steel cylinder is lowered into a big concrete cavity beneath it. Workers in orange high vis watch on, in a large building made of cream concrete — The 500-tonne steel nuclear reactor is lowered into position at Hinkley Point

Workers have fitted a reactor into the first nuclear power station to be built in Britain for 30 years.

Hundreds of engineers and construction staff worked for several days to lift the 500-tonne steel equipment into place at Hinkley Point C, near Bridgwater, Somerset.

“It was a huge operation for all the teams involved,” said Matt Abbott, who led the team installing it. “This is the heart of the plant.”

The 13m-long (42.6 ft) unit is one of two reactors which will contain the nuclear chain reaction that will generate enough power for six million homes, when it opens in 2030.

Matt Abbott led hundreds of construction workers who lifted the “heart of Hinkley” into place

Matt Abbott stands in front of the huge reactor in its storage warehouse. He is wearing yellow hi-vis jacket and a white hard hat. The end of the cylindrical reactor unit is behind him, with a bright orange disc at the front. — Matt Abbott led hundreds of construction workers who lifted the “heart of Hinkley” into place

The giant steel cylinder was winched up the side of the reactor building in a 12-hour operation.

It then had to be manoevered along rails through a giant equipment hatch, rotated through 90 degrees and lowered carefully onto a prepared base.

It will stay there for 60 years of nuclear operation, and decades beyond.

Energy Secretary Ed Miliband called it “a major step forward”.

He said: “Getting Hinkley up and running to produce clean power for six million homes will be a win for our long-term energy independence.”

The 13-metre long cylinder was flipped in mid-air by a purpose-built crane, then lowered into position.

Hinkley Point C A giant grey steel cylinder hangs, half rotated in mid-air. Orange stays from an overhead crane hold it at both ends. A worker in high vis inspects it, he is tiny in comparison. — The 13-metre long cylinder was flipped in mid-air by a purpose-built crane, then lowered into position.

At least 12,000 people work there, alongside more than 100 cranes. The reactor will power 25m high steam generators, and drive turbines featuring the longest blades ever made.

Yet the project has been delayed by political debates, the Covid pandemic and supply chain problems.

It is now due to open five years later than originally planned. The estimated cost has risen to £46bn from the £18bn predicted in 2017.

Nonetheless, installing the reactor is a significant milestone.

So how does it work, who made it, and when will they switch it on?

How does it work?

The reactor is known as “the heart of Hinkley”.

It will contain radioactive uranium split by nuclear fission, in a chain reaction which generates a lot of heat.

Temperatures inside will average 300C. Pressure will reach 155 bar, five times more than on a submarine at normal operating depth.

The steel vessel is 25cm thick, 13m (42.6 ft) long, and weighs 500 tonnes.

The reactor, shrouded in white, was winched up to a hatch on the building which will house it for more than sixty years

Hinkley Point C A big cylinder shrouded in white wrapping is lifted up on a big red crane. It stands in front of a large concrete building, with a steel brown domed roof. Dozens of workers in high vis are on the ground, and there are several other cranes all around. — The reactor, shrouded in white, was winched up to a hatch on the building which will house it for more than sixty years

A closed loop of pressurised water will pass round the reactor, and heat up.

This heat will then be exchanged with a second loop of water, which turns into steam. The steam will drive turbines which generate Hinkley’s electricity.

Mr Abbott said: ”We’ve got two of these reactors, and each should power about three million homes. So it’s a massive deal and this is now the start of that journey for us.”

Who made it?

The reactor took six years to manufacture and was made in France by a company called Framatome, which is owned by EDF, who are building Hinkley Point C.

EDF is owned by the French state.

Creating the reactor was a matter of “immense pride” for Framatome employees, according to Mathieu Gaulthier, who leads the company’s team in Somerset.

But why did such a central component of Britain’s first new nuclear power plant for a generation have to be made abroad?

Jennifer Tompkins, an apprentice welder at Framatome UK in Avonmouth, operates a high-tech semi-automated welding machine

Two welders in full PPE with darkened visors stand in front of a sheet of steel. Blue sparks fly from where the welder is striking the metal. — Jennifer Tompkins, an apprentice welder at Framatome UK in Avonmouth, operates a high-tech semi-automated welding machine

“The last nuclear reactor that was built was finished in 1991,” Ian Henderson, head of Framatome UK.

“In that time that skill base has disappeared.”

The firm is now trying to change that.

At a brand new factory in Avonmouth, near Bristol, they are training high-level welders and fitters to the exacting standards of the nuclear industry.

For Hinkley C, they are fabricating tanks and other structures. But on future nuclear projects, they hope to take on more sophisticated jobs.

Mr Henderson explained: “It’s taken quite a few years to build those skills up to where they are today, and we want to keep that going, keep investing.”